A REVIEW ON TOPICAL OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Acyclovir loaded chitosan microspheres31 and Pilocarpine-loaded albumin or gelatin microspheres32 are available. Microparticulate technology has the advantage of better patient acceptability, since they can be topically administered as an eye drop33. But the manufacture and control of large scale manufacturing of sterile micro particulates is very challenging and expensive. 10. Inserts:   Solid inserts were introduced into the market 50 years ago. The first solid insert was described in 1948 in British Pharmacopoeia. It was an atropine containing gelatin wa­fer and in 1980's numerous systems were developed using various polymora and different drug release principles for controlled drug release.   Insoluble inserts are polymeric systems into which the drug is incorporated as a solution or dispersion34. Oph­thalmic inserts (ocuserts) have been reported using algi­nate salts, PVP, modified collagen and HPC, Ocufit is a silicone elastomer based matrix that allows for the con­trolled release of an active ingredient over, a period of at least 2 weeks35. Osmotically controlled inserts  have also been described, where release is by diffusion and osmoti­cally controlled36.   Soluble inserts consists of all monolytic polymeric de­vices that at the end of their release, the device dissolve or erode. Soluble ophthalmic drug inserts is a soluble copoly­mer of acrylarnide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and ethyl acrylate. It is a sterile thin film or wafer of oval shape. The system soften in 10-15 sec after introduction in to the upper conjuctivall sac, gradually dissolves within 1 h, while releasing the drug.

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