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A REVIEW ON TOPICAL OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Liposomal preparation of acetazolamide24, hydrocorti­sone25 and tropicamide26 has been reported. Coating the lipueme with bioadhesive polymat Ilka carbopal increased the corneal retention followed by sustained action Cyclosporin applied topically to the eye in the olive oil crops in a liposome encapsulated form and in a cellophane shield showed slow releasing property. 8.  Nanoparticles:   Nanoparticles provide sustained release-and pro­longed therapeutic activity when retained in the cul-de-sac after topical administration and the entrapped drug must be released from the particles at an appropriate rate. To enhance particle retention, it is desirable to fabricate the particles with bioadhesive materials. Biodegradation is also a highly desirable property for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Most commonly used polymers are venous poly (alkyl cyanoacrylates), poly S-caprolactone and polylactic-co-glycolic acid, which undergo hydrolysis in tears. Coating of nanoparticles with bioadhesive polymers improves the bioavailability. Chitosan coated nanocapsules improve the bioavailability27. Nanoparticles as an oph­thalmic drug delivery have been demonstrated for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs28-29. 9.  Miarcipartlauldles:   They are drug containing, micron sized polymeric par­ticles suspended in a liquid medium. Drugs can be physi­cally dispersed in the polymer backbone30. The drug is re­leased in cul-de-sac through diffusion, chemical reaction, and polymer degradation and micro particles are larger than nanoparticles.

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