Security issiues in VOIP Applications

The IPsec header and the new IP Header for this encapsulating packet are the only information left in the clear. Usually each “tunnel” is between two network elements such as a router or a gateway..   The IP addresses of these nodes are used as the unencrypted IP address at each hop. Hence, at no point is a plain IP header sent out containing both the source and destination IP. Thus if an attacker were to intercept such packets, they would be unable to discern the packet contents or the origin and destination. Note that some traffic analysis is possible even in tunnel mode, because gateway addresses are readable. If a gateway is used exclusively by a particular organization, an attacker can determine the identity of one or both communicating organizations from the gateway addresses. IPsec allows nodes in the network to negotiate not only a security policy, which defines the security protocol and transport mode as described previously, but also a security association defining the encryption algorithm.  Security mechanisms for VOIP   The prominent security mechanisms used along with voice traffic include virtual private networks (VPN), end-to-end encryption and address translation.   Virtual private networks are one of the basic forms of security mechanisms. Here, the communicating parties establish a sort of association with each other using tunnels & the end points are connected through layer 2 techniques like Frame-Relay, ATM or MPLS.   With the end-to-end encryption, communicating entities initially exchange a secret key pair which they will be using to encrypt the data.

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