THE SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF VERBAL ARTS IN THE YORB INDIGENOUS HEALTHCARE PRACTICES

  medicine he gives and it is this, perhaps more than   or prevent misfortunes. The Yorb believe that spoken words are sine qua non to whatever they embark on including preparation of medicine for healing and other things.  Their saying that reveals this goes thus: e ? j ? l bgn r meaning that, it is the spoken words that activate medicine.  The excerpt below extracted from o ? f ?   Ojm? m?   ?d grgr   A d f?mo? tuntun t n t’k?l ?run b? wy   Ibi m s?wj o?mo?   O?mo? ni k s?wj ibi   E?kn n b? o   Aj k foj k’e?kn   wo? o?mo? y   Aj ti wo?l   E?kn n b?   B’?kn b ti kn ? lra, ta   Coming from the heavenly k?l   The placenta, do not come before the baby   The leopard is coming!   You this baby!   As soon as the leopard gets to you, out! The content of the excerpt above is in line with the reality and the belief of the Yoruba that aj (dog) and e ? kn (leopard) can never stay in harmony.  Hence the aphorism:   Aj t wo?l e?kn,   Y f?j? bora.   A dog that enters the abode of leopard,   Will get its body smeared with blood. In this context, the baby in the womb is the ‘dog’, while the effect of the spoken wordsis the ‘leopard’ that will henceforth make the womb uncomfortable for the ‘dog’.  Therefore, the ‘dog’, which is the baby, is now being threatened to come out of the womb in order to avoid the wrath of the ‘leopard’.  The Yorb believe that the transfer of the features of dog and leopard to the baby (in the womb) and the incantation respectively, will make their targets behave accordingly, that is, the incantation will force the baby out of the womb, while the ‘dog’ (baby) will come out for being afraid of the attack of the ‘leopard’.  The excerpt shown above contains words that can make the desire of the raconteur happen immediately, in accordance with the Yorb belief.  They hold the view that, anything pertaining to one’s health should be given an urgent attention, the instrument used should have the capacity to react instantly, and their cultural tenet shows that they found this in the afore-mentioned verbal arts.

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